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ARACTER 
READING 

AT A GLANCE 



OR. 



^hrenologif M.ade Easy 



VITAL TYPE MOTIVE TYPE MENTAL TYPE 



% Prof. A.K SeWard 



CHARACTER 
READING 



t$ t$ <t£ 

(Coprighted 1922. All Rights Reserved) 



A copy of this book will be mailed to 
any address at any time upon receipt of 
price. Paper cover $1.00. Cloth $1.50. 



at a Glance 



or 




hr etiology 
Made Easy 



By 

Prof. A. F, Seward 

Kr *Lm. it 



A. F. SEWARD & CO. 

publishers 

3620 Rokeby St., Chicago, III. 



PREFACE 
ji 

This book on character reading from the 
physical characteristics of the head and face is 
being offered you as the culmination of over 
twenty years' experience in this work. My obser- 
vation of countless numbers of subjects in a 
professional capacity has peculiarly fitted me to 
write authoritatively on the mysteries of the human 
head and face. 

In this volume I have endeavored to present 
a new and simple method for analysing and read- 
ing character at sight, based on the facts science 
has gathered in its quest for an understanding of 
human nature. If the student will acquaint him- 
self with these facts, and apply this method, he 
will soon be able to read at sight the character of 
persons he meets, and to understand his own nature 
better. 

It is quite obvious to everyone that it is from 
the appearance of objects that we form our first 
estimate and judgment of their quality, character 
and value. We judge the inner nature of things 
from outward features. This is a universal prac- 
tice. Whether the judgment is correct or false de- 
pends upon one's knowledge of the object judged 
and the interpretation of the visible signs and sur- 
face features. • 
©C1AGO0155 2 



J 3 N 2 1 23 



Your first efforts will demonstrate the fact 
that you are already familiar with many physical 
characteristics that intuitively influence your 
judgment of the character of individuals. We all 
judge the people we meet by their looks, actions 
and manners. But to become an expert at charac- 
ter reading you must learn the salient physical 
characteristics of human beings with the mental 
and emotional traits they stand for. Then you 
must learn to interpret the meaning of the in- 
numerable combinations of physical signs, just as 
you learned to read, first by mastering the alpha- 
bet, and then you formed words by combinations 
of the letters. 

As the printed page tells us the author's 
thought, so do the physical characteristics of indi- 
viduals tell the student of physiognomy the sort of 
characters housed in the bodies especially designed 
for them by nature. 

To estimate the relative strength or weakness 
of the separate physical characteristics is of first 
importance in character reading. All tall, dark, 
handsome men with black mustaches are not vil- 
lians, nor are all attractive blonde women innocent 
and virtuous heroines. 

Human beings are composite creatures, all 
made from the same clay, but each individual rep- 
resents a special blending of qualities and traits. 
In some natures the course and more enduring 
fibre prevails, resulting in strong and rugged 

3 



characters. In others, the finer elements predom- 
inate, producing sensitive and beautiful natures. 

In this work I have endeavored to eliminate 
all unnecessary details, yet include every essential. 
It is my confident belief that any person studying 
these lessons carefully and thoroughly will acquire 
a knowledge of character reading that could be 
obtained from no other source. If the reader will 
familiarize himself with the illustrations and study 
them intently, the human face will become as an 
open book, capable of being read and understood 
at a glance. 



The practical application of character read- 
ing has been demonstrated to be of great value in 
business and industrial institutions of all kinds. 

Many of the larger industrial plants now em- 
ploy expert characterologists to judge all appli- 
cants for positions; and they assign those engaged 
to tasks where their natural talents will find fullest 
expression, and which best suit the temperament 
of the individual. 

This is an age of specialization, and in the 
matter of industrial efficiency it is of first import- 
ance to put the right man or woman in the right 
place. The "job" should fit the worker like a 
tailor-made garment; such a "job" makes one feel 
comfortable, contented and proud. 

Any business man or woman will find a 

4 



knowledge of character reading a valuable asset 
in the handling of employes, customers and com- 
petitors. 

In the social world it is of great advantage 
to be able to make a favorable impression. Con- 
genial friends are helpful, useful, comforting and 
agreeable, and one cannot have too many of them. 

To be able to intelligently select from the per- 
sons you meet those who will make congenial com- 
panions, you must be able to read the visible signs 
of their character. 

We have all had the disageeable experience 
of being bitterly disappointed in someone we 
thought we liked very much ; likewise you and I 
have come to love someone whom we did not like 
in the least on first acquaintance. 

The reason for the mistakes that result in mis- 
understandings and unpleasant or embarrassing 
situations among people meeting socially, is the 
fact that at social gatherings people are usually 
having a good time, or trying to do so. The emo- 
tional impulses are finding full play, and the pleas- 
ing propensities are on the surface. Laughter and 
good fellowship prevail. 

Meeting socially, people usually seek to put 
their "best foot forward;" they flaunt their virtues 
and carefully conceal their faults in an effort to be 
agreeable and make a good impression. 

As a result we are often charmed by persons 
who are "the life of the party" and perhaps noth- 

5 



ing more, and completely disregard others whose 
real worth we cannot discern. 

Knowing how to correctly read character, you 
can with tact and discretion cultivate or avoid the 
people you meet socially, without waiting to learn 
from intimacy or unpleasant experiences, their 
antagonistic or disagreeable traits and qualities. 

In domestic relationships, and among the com- 
panions of the home the ability to read character 
is of inestimable value; it enables parents to watch 
with better understanding the development of their 
children, and guide them along the paths of use- 
fulness and endeavor, thus making the most of 
their latent talents and individuality. 

Husbands and wives should make the study of 
character a subject of mutual interest. It will give 
them an understanding of the strong and weak 
qualities of each other, which they would gain no 
other way. 

Someone has said, "If all were known, all 
would be forgiven" — and this is a truism in the 
science of characterology. You cannot change the 
constitutional characteristics of an individual, but 
if you can read and understand that which is un- 
changeable in the characters of the people you 
mingle with, you will spare yourself the disap- 
pointment and unhappiness of being disillusioned, 
and be more patient, tolerant, compassionate and 
forgiving, than you can possibly be without such 
knowledge and understanding. 

6 



MEN AND WOMEN 



In your geography lessons at school you were 
first taught that the earth is round, that it moves 
in space around the sun, and that the surface is 
three-fourths water and one-fourth land, etc. 

From these broad statements, which dealt 
with the world as a whole, you were gradually led 
to the lessons that dealt with the separate parts and 
the details of their formation. 

Let us proceed in like manner and first con- 
sider humanity. 

The social organism is a great family, com- 
posed of individuals — alike in that they all pos- 
sess the salient traits of the family — all different 
from each other in the manifestation of those traits. 

Regardless of color, nationality and other 
racial differences the human family is divided into 
two great groups. 

One group is composed of males, the other 
of females — men and women. 

So to begin with we have a broad and general 
classification upon which to work. 

Our first step is to learn to distinguish the 
fundamental and constitutional characteristics that 
differentiate men and women. 

For this method of character reading is based 

7 



8 



Character Reading 



on a classification of the distinctively masculine, 
and distinctively feminine traits and character- 
istics. 

The masculine and feminine physical charac- 
teristics are so apparent and easily recognized 
that the sex of an individual is the first fact your 
observation records. 

You are so familiar with these differences that 
you intuitively attribute to each sex certain traits 
and propensities. You expect men to think and 
act differently from women. 

This demonstrates that nature has assigned to 
individuals certain mental characteristics, as well 
as physical traits, which can be designated as masu- 
line or feminine. 

If you occasionally encounter a "manish" 
woman or an "effeminate" man, you look upon 
them as "queer" — a departure from the normal or 
standard type. 

The masculine and feminine characteristics 
are about equally balanced in the great majority 
of men and women. 

The thoroughly masculine type of man is 
almost as rare as the thoroughly feminine type of 
woman. 

With the average man the masculine qualities 
predominate; likewise the feminine traits pre- 
dominate in the average women. 

We know that on the physical plane, the great 



Phrenology Made Easy 



9 



and important difference between the sexes lies in 
the organs of reproduction and their functions. 
Men cannot conceive, bear or nurse children. 

As the maternal duties are more intimate and 
important than the paternal, in personal relation 
to the child, it naturally follows that the dis- 
tinguishing characteristics of women are those 
which disclose her special functions. 

Nature has provided woman with a greater 
proportion of the emotional traits. 

She is abundantly endowed with the mental 
and spiritual propensities which produce tender- 
ness, patience, compassion, fortitude, loyalty, pru- 
dence, fidelity and modesty. 

These qualities you associate with woman as 
intuitively as you do her distinctive physical char- 
acteristics. 

They are feminine. 

Man, in his relation to the home, stands in 
the same regard as woman in her relation to the 
child. He must protect, nourish, and provide for 
the woman and family. 

His obligations take him outside the home 
into the industrial world, where he must compete 
with other men to obtain the family necessities. 

It naturally follows that in man the dis- 
tinguishing characteristics are those which dis- 
close the motive, and fighting propensities — firm- 
ness, aggression, combativeness, endurance, ac- 



10 



Character Reading 



quivitiveness, dependability, initiative, persever- 
ence and independence. 

You instinctively attribute these qualities to 

man. 

They are masuline. 

The souls of men and women are conse- 
crated to the mutual task of perpetuating, conserv- 
ing and preserving the physical organism of the 
race. 

There are distinct and special fields of en- 
deavor in which men and women excel each other, 
owing to their different physical characteristics. 

Aside from these functional limitations, the 
fields of human endeavor and achievement are 
open to both sexes on a basis of equity. 

That woman is, morphologically and physio- 
logically, nearer the child than man, is a fact long 
recognized by eminent authorities. 

When we understand this, in its true mean- 
ing, we know that there is no superiority or in- 
feriority between man and woman, nor between 
the masculine and feminine traits. 

Through the ages of humanity's growth, 
woman in her development retained and brought 
to maturity, from the childhood period of racial 
development, the finer instincts, traits and physical 
characteristics pronounced in the child. 

The child is sensitive, emotional, credulous, 



Phrenology Made Easy 



11 



receptive, imitative, plastic, impulsive, responsive, 
gentle, timid and dependent. 

These are all feminine traits of character. 

They are the child-like traits of human nature 
which give it fineness. Woman in her maturity 
has preserved them for the race. 

In her physical characteristics woman, com- 
pared to man also retains more traits peculiar to 
the child. 

These distinguishing feminine physical traits 
are fine textured skin, soft flesh, small joints, flat 
chest, sloping shoulders, prominent abdomen, long 
torso, short legs, small hands and feet, head large 
at top, and full at back, prominent or proceeding 
forhead and receding chin. 

While advancing toward racial maturity man 
changed more radically than woman — hence we 
see in the average man fewer of the character- 
istics and physical traits common to the child. 

Man is active, energetic, spasmodic, sanguine, 
destructive and belligerent — also physically 
slender and angular, with prominent joints, 
straight limbs and waistline. 

These are the distinguishing masculine char- 
acteristics and physical traits belonging to the 
child which man retains. 

Thus we see that the fundamental charac- 
teristics and physical traits of human nature which 
distinguish the sexes, but are common to the child, 



12 



Character Reading 



become divided at puberty and manifest them- 
selves in maturity, as the distinctive masculine and 
feminine traits of men and women. 

There are masculine and feminine traits that 
may be classified as nature traits, as distinguished 
from the childlike traits. 

Woman is constant, conservative, patient, re- 
ligious, sentimental, static, nourishing, frugal, 
tolerant, particular, conventional, decorative, 
altruistic and fragile. 

Man is spontaneous, aggressive, impatient, 
conscientious, practical, dynamic, creative, specu- 
lative, exacting, systematic, unconventional, 
mechanical, egotistic, vigorous — and daring, skep- 
tical and independent. 

The distinguishing mature feminine physical 
traits are largely a matter of added flesh. 

Women are fleshier than men. 

The mature physical characteristics which 
distinguish man from woman, and the child, are 
firm flesh, coarse skin, abundant hair on the body, 
large bones and sinewy muscles. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



13 



SEX CHARACTERISTICS AND 
THE RACE 

Modern anthropologists and students of hu- 
man progress aver that the human family was 
originally homogeneous. In its infancy, the in- 
dividual members were all very much alike, both 
mentally and physically. All facts tend to prove 
that the members of the infant race resembled one 
another, as all infants resemble one another, there- 
bore a brief explanation might be well at this point. 

In the early stages of evolution, following the 
infantile and Edenic period, a separation of the 
sexes must have been enforced, as a result of the 
prolonged periods of pregnancy and lactation 
peculiar to the females of the human species. 

These prolonged periods of confinement en- 
dured by the females, while they were carrying 
and nursing the offspring, and the hazardous and 
strenuous struggle to obtain the necessities for ex- 
istence , which was imposed on the males, were the 
direct causes of this separation which resulted in 
a divergence of activities and habits between primi- 
tive men and women; consequently certain of the 
fundamental and salient traits of human nature 
became distinctly feminine, and others distinctly 
masculine. 

In caves and rude shelters, the women had to 
endure long months of hiding and secrecy in 
order to safely bear and rear the offspring. They 



14 



Character Reading 



could not seek food, nor construct a shelter, but 
were confined, protected, restrained, subjected and 
dependent. 

The propagation of the race depended upon 
the concealment of the females and the fostering 
of maternal qualities. 

In guarding their places of concealment, with 
secrecy, the women developed caution and cun- 
ning; protecting and caring for their young de- 
veloped the faculties which engender symapthy, 
patience and tenderness; prolonged absence of the 
males or scarcity of food, developed the conserva- 
tive qualities (fraguality, prudence, thrift). 

Gradually the rude shelters became homes 
which implied the addition of crude necessities 
for physical comfort; vessels for preparing and 
cooking food — mats and wearing apparel, and the 
implements for weaving and fashioning these 
necessities. 

In their seclusion it devolved upon the women 
to devise these domestic needs. Thus the imitative 
faculties became intensely active. 

The gourd and the sea shell furnished the 
first "Ideas" from which they patterned their cook- 
ing utensils. 

The woven construction of birds' nests were 
a source of their inspiration to weave raw material 
into mats and clothing. 

These long periods of enforced seclusion and 



Phrenology Made Easy 



15 



sheltered life tended to soften and make fine the 
physical charactersitics of the women — also to 
make their bodies voluptious, and their natures 
passive. 

Thus were the traits and characteristics both 
mental and physical, which we designate as femin- 
ine personified in women, and the temperamental 
traits of the vital type, which we will treat later, 
became distinguishable. 

Now let us consider what these primitive con- 
ditions imposed upon the male of the species. 

The men were forced to forage and fight in 
their quest for food to supply the secluded women 
and offspring. Where women were confined, etc., 
men were liberated, unprotected, unrestrained, 
forced into the open to conquer and procure — to 
contrive and battle with the elements and ferocious 
enemies. 

These activities and habits of the males would 
naturally tend to accelerate the functioning of the 
perceptive and reflective organs of the brain, and 
the motive system of the body. 

Thus the males became more agile, audacious, 
ferocious; and more determined, destructive and 
creative. 

While women tended the homes, men were 
compelled to procure the raw materials to supply 
their needs. They became hunters and fishers, and 
matched their senses with those of the brutes. 



16 



Character Reading 



Their sense of form, size, weight, color, order, 
calculation, time and locality became keenly acute. 

The more they exercised these faculties, the 
more efficient they became as protecters and pro- 
viders for the home. Their enforced liberation 
became a love of liberty. The farther they wan- 
dered from home the greater their love for ex- 
ploration. The more strenuous their battles, the 
greater their love of adventure. 

Men became reflective as well as perceptive, 
developing the faculties, comparison which en- 
abled them to invent and contrive new ways and 
means for obtaining the necessities of life. This 
built up constructive ability and found expression 
in more commodious and safer shelters — boats to 
navigate the waters — weapons of defense and 
crude agricultural implements. 

The strenuous activities of the men in the open 
made them rugged and muscular. Their skin be- 
came course in texture, and their flesh hard; the 
hair grew coarse and abundant on their bodies; 
their chins went forward, their jaws became broad, 
their sense organs grew large, and their visage 
stern. 

Thus men became the personification of the 
mental and physical characteristics and traits 
which we designate as masculine, and the tempera- 
mental qualities of the motive type, which will be 
treated later, became distinguishable. 



Phrenology Made Easy 17 

This little journey back through the ages, has 
shown us how it came about that there are physical 
characteristics and mental qualities which we can 
classify as distinctively masculine, and others as 
distinctively feminine. 

In your character reading of men and women 
as you find them today, you will see these funda- 
mental characteristics and salient traits blended, in 
varying degrees, in every individual. 

And when you can distinguish the physical 
characteristics belonging to the masculine and 
feminine categories, with the traits they stand for, 
you will then understand your own nature and as 
well, be able to read the character of others at a 
glance. 



MASCULINE AND FEMININE 
QUALITIES 

Men and women are not superior nor inferior 
to each other in any respect — they are different. 

The ideal or representative type of woman 
compared to the representative type of man would 
be striking in physical fineness — skin of velvety 
texture and rich color, soft flesh, fine hair, not 
abundant on the body, figure small and plump, 
curved limbs with muscles invisible, small hands 
and feet, and delicately modeled features. 

Her facial expressions would show tender- 



18 



Character Reading 



ness — sympathy — mirth and her movements grace: 
Her whole being suggestive of ease, comfort, passi- 
vity, rythm, affection and beauty. Therefore, in 
regard to quality in human nature, that which is 
fine compared with that which is coarse is 
feminine. 

The representative type of man would dis- 
close the opposite physical texture and character- 
istics — coarse skin showing the pores — hard, firm 
flesh — tall, sinewy, angular figure, with muscles 
prominent — large hands and feet — hair coarse and 
abundant on the body — short torso — broad, square 
shoulders — rugged features and a masterful coun- 
tenance. 

His facial expressions would indicate serious 
thought — firmness — perception; and his move- 
ments and gestures be abrupt and rapid; his whole 
being suggestive of motion, activity, energy, cour- 
age and endurance. The coarser elements of hu- 
man nature would predominate. So we conclude 
that by comparison with the fine or feminine — that 
which is coarse in human nature is maculine. 

Now that you understand that, that which is 
fine is feminine and that which is coarse is mas- 
culine, the next step is to judge the degree of fine- 
ness and coarseness. This can be determined by 
noting the different physical features such as tex- 
ture of skin, consistency of flesh, quality of hair, 
etc., etc. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



19 



You will find that most subjects are "mixed" 
in the blending of the fine and coarse physical 
characteristics. People are like fabrics : Few are 
"all wool and a yard wide," or "fine as silk." In 
most of us the coarse and fine are interwoven. 

Characterology teaches you how to distinguish 
the woof from the warp. 

You should not infer that the word coarse is 
being used in a vulgar or low sense. Wool is coarse 
compared to silk, but not an inferior commodity; 
it is a better commodity for many purposes. 

Among the commodities pf commerce most 
of the fine things are made to satisfy the tastes of 
women. The jewelry business would languish 
and die if it were not for woman's vanity. So it 
is with all commodities intended for personal 
adornment or bodily comfort; they are designed to 
appeal to the feminine (fine) in individuals. 

Therefore men or women of fine characteris- 
tics make the best salesmen or solicitors for all 
commodities of fine quality, or those intended to 
meet the demands of women. 

Whenever you find a man engaged in a busi- 
ness that deals in articles designed exclusively for 
women, he will surely possess pronounced feminine 
(fine) characteristics. 

The writer has witnessed theatrical ocrform- 
ances where the leading male part was that of a 
designer of women's gowns and lingerie. In each 



20 



Character Reading 



instance, the actor who played the leading part, 
assumed the characteristics of a "sissy," or extreme- 
ly effeminate man ; showing that the author sought 
to emphasize the feminine traits in a man who 
would follow the profession of a modiste. 

A man with feminine (fine) taste in regard 
to art in dress, has an advantage over a woman — 
for man is creative where woman is imitative. The 
creative ability combined with the fine (feminine) 
taste made the "sissy" of the drama a successful 
business man; and such a combination is highly 
successful in real life. Likewise many coarse 
(masculine) textured women, with their feminine 
tact and intuition become successful in callings 
that deal with the needs and demands of men. 

Next to sex, quality is the first thing we in- 
stively note in an individual. In this we render 
judgment according to our own measure of fine- 
ness or coarseness. We are intuitively attracted to 
people like ourselves, and repelled by those more 
coarse or less fine — hence the saying "like attracts 
like." 



Phrenology Made Easy 



21 



FINE TEXTURE 

The individual of fine texture has thin, deli- 
cate skin — velvety to the touch. The veins may 
show, but the pores will not, except on close scrut- 
iny. You may sometimes find a skin of this tex- 
ture on large and comely features, but it is usually 
found covering well-modeled and delicate fea- 
tures. The hair will also be fine and silky. 

Fine texture denotes a person of fine sensi- 
bility; a nature keenly sensitive to all environ- 
mental influences; more appreciative of art than of 
nature. 

The individual of fine quality is sensitive and 
impressionable. Such people cannot endure the 
extreme of heat and cold, or wind and rain, which 
nature imposes. They fully appreciate the temp- 
erate condition. 

While they are deeply impressed by the 
beauty and granduer of nature, they are easily dis- 
tressed by any disturbing natural phenomena. 
They become nervous and frightened in a thunder 
storm. The vivid flash of lightning and the roar 
of thunder, which would enthral the coarse tex- 
tured individual distresses persons of fine texture, 
and fills them with fear. 

Cultured persons of fine texture revel in art: 
they have fine sensibilities and keen appreciation 
of the beautiful, but they prefer the beauty that is 
man and hand-made. They are more at ease in a 



22 



Character Reading 



drawing room than around a camp-fire. If they 
"rough" it they must go "de luxe" if possible. In 
brief, they are keenly sensitive to everything that 
is fine, but they prefer and appreciate the refined. 

Ail individuals of fine texture are not cul- 
tured, nor educated to an understanding or ap- 
preciation of fine art, nor even trained to the man- 
ners of polite society. You may find them in lowly 
walks of life, but they are all sensitive, regardless 
of their intellectual or social status. 

Persons of fine texture are inclined to be fas- 
tidious in regard to food and dress. They like to 
wear clothes of fine material, and are particular in 
regard to the quality and serving of their food. 

In the business and social world the fine tex- 
tured people must be "handled with gloves" — 
rough usage "hurts them." They like politeness 
and gracious treatment, and will respond amiably 
to gentleness. They are more emotional than the 
coarse textured persons. 

If you are an employer place the fine textured 
employes in positions and surroundings that will 
please and not jar their sensitive natures. Let 
them handle fine things, and deal with the fas- 
tidious customers. 

They do not like raw materials, "not dirty 
work" — they prefer the beautiful to the useful. 

There are individuals digging ditches, doing 
the work of stevedores, truckmen and all manner 



Phrenology Made Easy 



.23 



of coarse occupations, whose mental plane is 
scarcely finer than their work, but given the op- 
portunity they blossom out in a fine silk shirt, and 
perform their ablutions with highly scented toilet 
soap. 

Maybe they have fine textured skin, or fine 
hair, or fine features — a close scrutiny will surely 
disclose some fine (feminine) physical character- 
istics underlying the perdominating coarse charac- 
teristics. 



THE FEMININE MAN 

We all know the extreme type of feminine 
man — physically fine skin : with soft flesh, often 
abundant at the hips. This type walks with the 
carriage of a woman instead of the firm stride of 
the average man. 

A striking characteristic of feminine men 
is the lithe of supple manner in which they use 
their hands, suggestive of the fastidious grace of 
women. 

They gesticulate gracefully, and often; pick 
things up daintily, smooth and pat their hair fre- 
quently, and rest one or both hands on the hips. 

They are "fussy" in all matters pertaining to 
dress and the details of daily life. 



24 



Character Reading 



THE MASCULINE WOMAN 

The "mannish" woman is also a familiar 
figure; physically she is the direct opposite of the 
feminine man — with a skin of coarse texture, 
coarse hair and firm flesh, she inclines to mascu- 
linity in all her tastes. 

If her figure is slender and angular she is 
energetic, and likes strenuous pastimes. 

She is less sensitive to physical discomfort 
than her more feminine sister, and more apprecia- 
tive of the useful than the beautiful. 

Usually a woman of this type has a deep mas- 
culine voice, and is often rough in speech and 
manner. 



COURSE TEXTURE 

Coarse textured skin and large features de- 
note a nature not overly sensitive. "Modern con- 
veniences" or a highly refined mode of life add 
little to the comfort of persons of coarse texture. 

It takes nature unadorned, in all her rugged 
beauty, to satisfy and please them. They are at 
home in the outdoors, and the elements at peace 
or in conflict, speak a language they love and 
understand. 

Study the portraits of our great nature poets, 
naturalists, and philosophers, — many have rugged 
features and skin of coarse texture. Walt Whit- 
man, Henry Thoreau, John Burroughs, Long- 



Phrenology Made Easy 



25 



fellow and Darwin are good examples. They also 
show that an individual may have high ideals and 
reasoning faculties, and yet be coarse in texture. 

Many persons have fine tastes, keen sensibili- 
ties — think on a high plane in regard to some 
phases of life and are coarse in other respects. 

The writer knows many artists who do crea- 
tive work of a high order, and have a keen appre- 
ciation of the beauties of nature, and make fine 
things. Their works are "fine" regarding color, 
harmony, form etc., and express the feminine 
traits. In speech, manners and mode of life they 
are coarse, liking to "rough it" with small regard 
for the social niceties of civilized life. 

The polite, refined manners of cultured peo- 
ple do not offend, but they often bore the coarse 
textured individual. 

Therefore, do not select a person with skin 
of coarse texture to assist you at a tea party, do 
not assign such a guest to a feather bed nor supply 
them with scented toilet articles with the thought 
of pleasing them. Do not expect to entertain them 
with the artificialities of culture. 

Individuals of coarse texture are not sensitive, 
nor easily offended by brusqueness, rough manners 
or coarse speeech. 

If the flesh beneath a skin of coarse texture 
is soft, and the muscles flabby, the individual will 
lack physical energy. Such persons want to do 



26 



Character Reading 



things that require the minmum of bodily exer- 
tion. They may be mentally active and intellec- 
tual, but they will seek vocations where in regard 
to physical effort, they can "let George do it." 

On the other hand, if the flesh and muscles 
are firm and hard, the hair coarse and abundant on 
head and body, the individual will be capable of 
great physical endurance — energetic and active in 
whatever strata of industrial or social life they 
may occupy. 

In the fields of manual labor the coarse tex- 
tured person is most successful in agriculture, for- 
estry, mining, stock raising, dairying, butchering, 
etc. 

There are branches of these and similar in- 
dustries where women of coarse texture find their 
natural calling. 

As we grow in our knowledge of character 
reading, the seeming incongruities constantly seen 
in individuals, become easily understandable in 
the recognition of a blending of the fine (femin- 
ine) and coarse (masculine) characteristics. 

We know why some friend of high ideals and 
intellectual accomplishment puts on a disreputable 
pair of trousers when he wants to have a really 
good time — while Tony, the truckman, takes his 
holiday uncomfortable but happy, in the latest 
style choker collar. 

First learn to distinguish the extremes of fine 



Phrenology Made Easy 



27 



and coarse texture, then you can judge the inter- 
mediate and varying degrees of fineness and coarse- 
ness in the individuals you meet. 



CONSISTENCY 
Next in reading character it is important to 
estimate the individual from the standpoint of con- 
sistency — the degree of hardness or softness of the 
flesh. 

We speak of the fibre of men, and refer to 
people as hard-hearted or tender hearted — soft, 
easy going — hard-fisted and hard-headed ; all of 
which means that such persons are hard or soft 
(as the case may be) physically as well as tempera- 
mentally. 



HARD FLESH 

The hard hearted, unfeeling person has hard 
flesh, and is of tough fibre. Men of extremely hard 
flesh consistency, when in position of authority, 
use harsh measures, and drive their subordinates 
unfeelingly. The individual of extremely hard 
flesh is callous and devoid of sentiment in all tran- 
sactions with others. 

Hard flesh is also an indication of physical 
endurance as well as an index to the temperamental 
traits. It is the coarse or masculine consistency. 

Persons of hard consistency are stubborn, and 
inclined to be opinionative — hard to influence — 



28 



Character Reading 



unimpressionable, unemotional, and lacking in 
sympathy. 

These "hard" individuals may be very con- 
scientious and efficient workers, but their actions 
are abrupt, and they do things without apparent 
consideration for the feelings of others, and push 
aside without sentiment those who stand in the 
path of their success; this is especially true when 
the skin is of coarse texture. 

This hard consistency of the flesh, and the 
characteristics it denotes are not necessarily un- 
desirable; like every other quality it is subject to 
modification by the accompanying traits and 
characteristics. 

Beaneath the hard flesh may lie a commend- 
able spirit of determination, lofty ideals and a 
worthy purpose, which could only be gained by 
aggression, resistance and self-confidence, based on 
well grounded convictions. 

Individuals of hard consistency are not as 
liberal or "open-handed" as persons of soft con- 
sistency; they are inclined to be economical — with 
an appreciation of utility and durability in all mat- 
ters. They prefer the useful and substantial, to 
the beautiful and ornamental. 

Men of hard consistency are hard workers — 
hard drivers — hard thinkers — to them idleness is 
unpardonable, and wastefulness the greatest sin. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



29 



SOFT FLESH 

Individuals of extremely soft flesh consistency 
are impressionable — easily influenced — affection- 
ate. They readily act upon suggestions — are easily 
offended — persuaded — pleased. 

Their bodies are supple and their joints 
pliable, likewise their minds are facile and flex- 
ible. They like variety — novelty — change. They 
affiliate readily but are liable to be unstable and 
overly sentimental, and "touchy." 

Persons with soft flesh make poor managers, 
but fit well into positions which demand aimiabil- 
ity, affability, and obliging and gracious disposi- 
tions. 

They may be animated, lively and gay, but 
they are not vigorous, spirited or brisk in thought 
or action. They cannot endure hardships. 

The "soft" individual is more interested in 
people and things from the standpoint of qaulity 
than quantity. As a rule, they are not utilitarians 
but inclined to be spendthrifts and gamblers. 

They have few grounded convictions, and 
take to any theory or doctrine that appeals to their 
varying moods, or satisfies their love of novelty. 
They are credulous and susceptible to flattery. 

They are liable to be more loquacious than 
persons of hard flesh consistency. They often 
make good salesmen, especially in book and music 
stores, and similar lines where their love of variety 



30 



Character Reading 



enables them to become familiar with books, music, 
etc., to suit the tastes of every purchaser, and their 
natural aimiability and lack of grounded opin- 
ions allows them to be persuasive, whether they 
are logical or inconsistent. 



ELASTIC FLESH 

Between the extremes of hard and soft con- 
sistency is the elastic flesh, it "gives" when sub- 
jected to pressure, yet has the "feel" of stability 
and endurance. 

This is the flesh consistency of the average 
American — the energetic yet pleasure loving indi- 
vidual who is "up and doing." 

In consistency, as in all other charactersitics, 
learn to distinguish the extremes ; then you can 
judge all the intermediate degrees as you find 
them. 



HAIR 

The structure and color of the hair are im- 
portant factors in character reading. Fine, silky 
and wavy, or curly hair is a common accompani- 
ment of the "artistic" temperament; that is to say, 
persons with fine hair structure are inclined to 
have the artist's sensitiveness to sensuous impres- 
sions, and appreciation of beauty. 

A great number of the most talented poets, 



Phrenology Made Easy 



31 



musicians and literary persons have this fine, wavy 
or curly hair. 

Hair of marked softness and abundance seems 
also a frequent combination of artistic and literary 
talent or genius. 

The curly or rounding tendency, and the fine 
quality belong in the catagory of feminine charac- 
teristics. 

Straight, coarse or bristling hair is indicative 
of coarse organization — great physical endurance 
— mental and bodily vigor. 

Persons with coarse hair structure are more 
matter of fact than those with fine hair. 

The predominence of dark haired persons of 
eminence seems especially noteworthy, and the 
paucity of very light haired geniuses is significant. 
Which means in our study of character, that dark 
haired persons are more earnest and intense in the 
pursuit of mental achievements — also in their per- 
sonal relationships — they love and hate with 
greater intensity than light haired individuals. 
Light haired persons are more eager in the pursuit 
of pleasure, and less serious in a mental way; but 
they forgive and forget more readily than dark 
haired people. 



32 



Character Reading 



BLONDES AND BRUNETTES 

In considering the difference between dark 
or light complexions in individuals, as it pertains 
to character or temperamental traits and tenden- 
cies, we must form our conclusions from what 
science has discovered regarding the racial traits 
of fair peoples and dark peoples. 

Nearly all the conquering and colonizing na- 
tions were blondes. The Greeks, Macedonians and 
Mediavel Italians were of fair complexion, as well 
as the Norsemen, Norwegians and early Britons. 

The fair complexion has always been asso- 
ciated with the adventurous, the warlike, the love 
of the open air. 

The light complexioned peoples are best 
adapted to withstand disease and hardship. 

The detailed and confining work of modern 
industrial life is unfavorable to the blonde type. 

In a racial sense the fair complexioned people 
are more sanguine, ambitious, restless and coura- 
geous than the dark or brunette. 

The fair complexioned peoples have blazed 
the trails of civilization. The dark complexioned 
people have followed and established cities, and 
dwelt there developing art, science, industries and 
religions, under the leadership of the light haired, 
blue eyed, ambitious and adventurous blondes. 

These racial traits of the fair and dark com- 



Phrenology Made Easy 



33 



plexioned peoples are, as a rule, distinguishing 
characteristics of blondes and brunette individuals. 

Blondes are active and restless — brunettes are 
more sedentary in habit, and more intense and 
philosophical in thought. 

These outstanding tendencies of the blonde 
and brunette complexions, as in all physical 
characteristics, must be judged by the relative 
strength or weakness of the other characteristics 
of the individual. 

Blonde is the representative masculine com- 
plexion — brunette the feminine. And you will 
note that the distinguishing characteristics ascribed 
to blondes correspond to the sex traits of the mas- 
culine category, while those of brunettes accord 
with the sex traits belonging to the feminine cate- 
gory. 



TEMPERAMENTS 



Desire, Will and Reason are the three ruling 
elements in all human activity; this divides all 
humanity into three great classes distinguishable 




Vital Type Motive Type Mental Type 



34 



Character Reading 



from each other by body, build and temperament. 

In the human body there are three grand 
classes or systems of organs, the Vital or nutritive 
system, the Motive or mechanical system, and the 
Mental or nervous system. One of these systems 
predominating, determines the individual's body 
build and temperament. 



THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT 
If the Vital system predominates we have the 
Vital temperament, and desire rules in the in- 
dividual's thoughts, motives, actions, conduct, 
opinions and viewpoint. Persons of the Vital 
temperament love life, and make the world work 
for them — they are the Enjoyers. 

Due to the predominance of the Vital organs, 
the body build of the Vital type is characteristic- 
ally rotund, with large torso, marked by breadth 
and thickness — tapering limbs with abundance of 
flesh — full chest, and shoulders round, rather than 
square — well developed abdomen — shapely hands 
and feet — short neck — smooth skin of fine texture 
— pink or ruddy complexion — and eyes large and 
expressive. The men of the Vital temperament are 
often bald headed. 

Persons of the Vital temperament are strong 
lunged with rich musical voices, the voice that 
pleads and commands. As a rule, great opera 
singers and orators are of the Vital tmperament. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



35 



The individuals of the Vital temperament 
boss us and pay us, and make us practical — they 
show us how to appreciate what we have, and hold 
us to the present. 

"Health, Wealth and Happiness" is the slogan 
of this temperament. They love good food and 
clothing, and plenty of entertainment. They are 
ambitious, social, jovial and full of self-confidence. 
Knowledge and industry mean little to the Vital 
temperament unless they add to the creature com- 
forts or promote the humanities. Being ambi- 
tious, yet lovers of personal ease and luxury, and 
naturally genial and jovial "things come to them." 
They attract followers and are natural leaders of 
men, and are most often found in positions where 
they direct or command others. 

Individuals in whom the Vital temperament 
predominates make the best politicians, and this 
type is numerous and influential in all legislative 
and political activities. Judges and diplomats are 
usually of the Vital temperament, and often orators 
and divines. 

In commercial enterprises they are the pro- 
moters and speculators — they love to take chances. 
They make good salesmen, and can readily build 
up a big following simply because they are per- 
sonally popular. 

They like to have a good time and give others 
a good time. They are great spenders, and they 



36 



Character Reading 



also know how to "cast their bread upon the 
waters" so it will come back to them in the form 
of cake. 

As the Nutritive and digestive organs are 
large and strong in the Vital temperament, food 
plays a great part in their existence. They are 




Plate 1 — The Three Major Divisions in the 
Organs of the Brain. 



heavy eaters — fond of wines, condiments and all 
gastronomic luxuries. Consequently they are good 
judges of foodstuffs, and we find the Vital tem- 
perament in all branches of industry and business 
devoted to these commodities. Bakers, butchers, 
chefs, restaurant and hotel keepers, delicatessen 



Phrenology Made Easy 



37 



and commission merchants, and importers and 
manufacturers of food products. 

You will note that the typical characteristics 
of the Vital temperament are distinctly feminine. 

With this temperament the region of the pro- 
pensities in the cranium, is usually full and well 
developed, with a large cerebellum and full neck. 
(Plate i.) 

It is in these regions that the organs of 
Amativeness (love between the sexes), Conjugality 
(matrimony), Parental love (regard for offspring, 
pets, etc.), Friendship (sociability), Inhabitive- 
ness (love of Home and country), Continuity (one 
thing at a time), Vitativeness (love of life), Com- 
bativeness (resistence) , Destructiveness (execu- 
tive energy), Alimentiveness (appetite — love of 
eating), Acquisitiveness (accumulation, frugality, 
economy), Secretiveness (descretion — policy — 
management — diplomacy), and Cautiousness 
(prudence — provision) are located. 

The back part of the top-head is also well 
developed. Here lie the organs of Approbative- 
ness (ambition — display — love of praise), Self- 
estime (independence — dignity), Firmness (per- 
severence — stability — tenacity of will), Conscien- 
tiousness (integrity — love of right — justice — 
equity), and Hope (expectation — faith). 

These organs of the brain or mental faculties 
are usually well developed in individuals of the 



38 



Character Reading-. 



Vital (Mental) temperament, and there superior 
development explains the propensities, inclina- 
tions, tastes, traits and habits of the intellectual 
Vital temperament. 



FAT PEOPLE 

As a class women are more fleshy than men; 
they show a greater tendency to put on fat. 

The voluptuousness of woman's figure, her 
curved limbs and, in fact, the distinctive beauty of 
the female form is due to the amobolism of woman, 
and the storing of adipose tissue. 

Therefore fleshiness is a physical character- 
istic which we can classify as feminine. 

The ramifying nerves of the body all have 
their focus in the brain — thus an intimate connec- 
tion is established between the organs of the brain 
and all parts of the body. They act and re-act 
upon each other; and any pathological and tem- 
porary, or constitutional and permanent, condition 
of either will affect the other. 

Mental states or conditions influence the body, 
and bodily conditions affect the mind. The mental 
faculties are weakened if the body is ill — in health 
the mind is active and alert. Joy quickens the cir- 
culation, grief weakens the limbs. 

Just as temporary or fleeting emotions and 
mental states are accompanied by certain physical 



Phrenology Made Easy 



39 



aspects, there are also certain temperamental 
characteristics which accompany definite physical 
characteristics. 

An abundance or superfluity of adipose tissue 
— fat — will act upon and influence the organs of 
the brain and mental faculties — i. e., the character 
of the individual. 

In the arrangement of the brain, the group 
which comprises the propensities, or animal organs, 
is in the base of the brain next to the spinal column, 
and in close connection with the body. 

In women and individuals of the Vital tem- 
perament these organs are usually well developed. 

Fleshiness — fat bodies — denote abundance of 
certain feminine characteristics — -the coarser traits 
of the feminine category. 

Fat people like good food in abundance — 
ease and comfort. They are interested in things 
domestic; like children and pets; they are good 
natured, sensual and material. 

Fat men are sociable and pleasure loving — 
fond of family life and interested in the details 
of their domestic affairs. 

You should not infer that the qualities and 
characteristics which fleshiness stand for, are in 
themselves gross, base, degrading or undesirable. 
On the contrary, they are essential in the sum total 
of human attributes. 

You will meet individuals in whom these 



40 



Character Reading 



traits predominate, who are coarse textured and 
extremely animalistic ; with weak moral, intellec- 
tual and spiritual faculties, and lacking the neces- 
sary development of the characteristics that pro- 
duce a well balanced nature. 

You also find men and women of great dis- 
tinction in whom this characteristic of fleshiness 
is pronounced. Fat people are found in every 
walk of life, and in every field of social and indus- 
trial service. Some of our greatest statesmen have 
been fat men — and many women prominent in 
promoting the humanities have been extremely 
plump. 

Many men of genius in music, literature, art 
and philosophy have been extremely fleshy, show- 
ing that the factors of ideality, sublimity, bene- 
volence, spirituality, veneration, conscientiousness 
and all the higher spiritual faculties of the mind, 
may accompany a liberal endowment of the animal 
propensities, to the advantage of the individual 
and humanity. 



MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT 

You can easily select among your acquaint- 
ances a person more interested in action and prac- 
tical results than books or theories. An individual 
"up and doing" — energetic and masterful — in 
whom WILL is the ruling element — a DOER; 



Phrenology Made Easy 



41 



the MOTIVE or mechanical system predominates, 
producing the Motive temperament. 

Individuals of the Motive temperament are 
distinguished by a superior development of the 
osseous and muscular systems. The bones are large 
and long, and the body inclined to be angular. 

The figure is above average height. The 
muscles are hard and firm, with an absence of 
superfluous flesh or fatty tissue. The shoulders are 
broad and the chest full. The complexion is gen- 
erally dark and the hair coarse and abundant. 
The face is usually long with high cheek bones 
and strongly marked features. The skin is of 
medium or coarse texture and the flesh consistency 
hard. In fact, the the whole physique of a person 
of the Motive temperament (extreme type) shows 
that they are built for endurance, activity and 
energy. 

Your acquaintance may be a constructive 
engineer or a section boss, or a lumber-jack, but 
regardless of vocation or social standing you will 
realize that his viewpoint, his motives and con- 
duct are determined by the element of WILL rul- 
ing. : 

The Motive temperament does the world's 
work — the manual labor. 

The DOERS construct, contrive, build, move. 
They explore and fight — toil and produce, and 
"carry on." In brief, they take us FORWARD. 



42 



Character Reading 



The human figure as drawn by cartoonists to 
typify labor usually personifies the physical 
characteristics of the Motive temperament. 

In persons of the Motive temperament bone 
and muscle predominate, fiting them for the tasks 
where physical endurance is the necessary re- 
quisite. 

You will find them in all outdoor vocations — 
agriculture, forestry, lumbering, railroading, min- 
ing, surveying, maritime industries, all branches 
of road, bridge, and water-way construction. And 
the huge scope of the ever growing automobile in- 
dustry offers a splendid field for persons of the 
Motive temperament. 

Among the indoor occupations we find this 
type building and running the machinery of fac- 
tories and mills. 

Where the intellect is highly developed, the 
Motive temperament furnishes the heads of great 
constructive enterprises, and leaders of armies, and 
the big "field" men in commercial activities. 

Occassionally you will find individuals of the 
Motive temperament with a high order of mental 
development, which has led them into the fields 
of literature, art or politics. Their works bespeak 
their love of freedom and action — are verile and 
compelling and often radical. 

In the figure and features of Abraham Lin- 
coln, the physical characteristics of the Motive 



Phrenology Made Easy 



43 



temperament were highly accentuated. And you 
have only to consider his indomitable will, and 
the great forward movement made in human 
affairs during his Presidential administration, in 
order to grasp the full significance of what has 




Plate 2 — The Seven Minor Divisions of the 
Organs of the Brain. 



whom the Motive temperament predominates, are 
strikingly masculine. 

The organs of the brain and intellectual facul- 
ties which usually predominate in the Motive type, 
been said regarding WILL and the Motive tem- 
perament. 

The physical characteristics of individuals in 



44 



Character Reading 



are the perceptive and reflective groups, located in 
the lower anterior region of the cranium. Fig. 2.) 

These organs and faculties are — Individuality 
(observation — desire to see), Form (recollection 
of shape, — memory of persons and faces), Size 
(cognizance of magnitude — measuring by the 
eye), Weight (balancing — climbing — perception 
of the law of gravity), Color (perception and 
judgment of colors), Order (perception and love 
of method — system — arrangement), Calculation 
(cognizance of numbers — mental arithemtic), 
Locality (recollection of places and scenery), 
Eventuality (memory of facts and cirmustances) , 
Time (cognizance of duration and succession of 
time — punctuality), Tune (sense of harmony and 
melody), Language (expression of ideas — memory 
of words), Cuasality (applying cause to effect — 
originality), Comarison, (inductive reasoning — 
analysis — illustration), Constructiveness (me- 
chanical ingenuity — dexterity — application of 
energy). 



Phrenology Made Easy 45 



THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT 

The human family is composed of individuals 
who Reason — Will — Desire. 

You will see from figures that the 

Mental temperament is the smallest in body build. 
The figure is slender and of medium height. The 
flesh is soft compared with the Motive tempera- 
ment and the skin is of fine texture. 

The hair is soft, fine and generally scanty. 
The head is relatively large with a broad, high 
forhead and a face oval or pyriform. The hands 
and feet are compartively small and the instep 
high. The eyebrows tend upward, forming a 
graceful curve or acute angle. 

Nervous energy is strongly manifested in the 
features and movements of this temperament and 
many of the physical characteristics previously 
defined as "fine" often predominate. 

You surely know someone who, regardless of 
social standing or vocation, has an inquiring mind ; 
is interested in theories ; has original ideas ; views 
things from a philosophical standpoint; is thought- 
ful, meditative and "bookish" — a Thinker. 
Reason rules in the nature of such a person and the 
Mental or Nervous system predominates. 

The Mental temperament gives us the ideal- 
ists, theorists, inventors, scholars of originality, 
artists, novelists, poets ; all those mentally creative, 
who add to the store of human knowledge — estab- 



46 



Character Reading 



lish religions — teach philosophy — give us ideals — 
foster faith and reverence. 

The Mental temperament lifts us Upward. 

In the world of practical affairs and indus- 
trial endeavor, this temperament does the mental 
detail work — school teachers, research workers, 
librarians, and all vocations where mental capacity 
is more important than manual endeavor. 

This class of the Mental type while not men- 
tally creative is dominated by the mental faculties. 
They like books, lectures, poetry, music and things 
intellectual. 

With the Mental temperament predominat- 
ing, the organs of the brain situated at the top of 
the head (Figure 3) are usually well developed. 

The Vital temperament directs and uses— the 
Motive temperament sees and constructs — the 
Mental temperament thinks and originates. 

The physical characteristics, and the traits and 
propensities they stand for, in our description of 
the three temperaments, describe extreme types. 
They are rarely found; but if you learn to dis- 
tinguish the extreme type you can readily deter- 
mine which is the ruling temperament in the in- 
diviuals you meet. 

When you have determined the predominat- 
ing temperament, indicated by the physical charac- 
teristics which distinguish it, you will know 
whether Desire — Will — or Reason is the ruling 



Phrenology Made Easy 



47 



element in the person's nature, and your judgment 
of their character in detail, must be based on this 
finding of their ruling Motive. 

Desire rules to get. 

Will rules to do. 

Reason rules to know. 

In a previous chapter I described the condi- 
tions imposed on man in the early stages of human 
development. With the separation of the sexes, 
men and women became specialists in the struggle 
for existence. The characteristics of the Vital 
temperament became pronounced in women and 
the characteristics of the Motive temperament be- 
came pronounced in men. 

All the higher intellectual faculties and moral 
sentiments were yet dormant. 

Where primitive woman could contrive by 
imitation and instinct to construct and produce the 
purely domestic needs, primitive man was obliged 
to rise above such methods and invent and orginate 
— observe — percieve — reflect — reason, and make 
deductions ; then construct with his hands weapons 
and tools of a new order. 

Nature afforded him no patterns for bows and 
arrows, and the application of the mechanical 
principles involved in their construction and use, 
could only be reached through deductive and ab- 
stract reasoning. 

Thus, the mental faculties and organs of the 



48 



Character Reading 



nervous system and brain which function to that 
end, were stimulated and developed. 

Through inheritance, these higher qualities 
and mental attributes began to manifest themselves 
— in the offspring of the fittest — with the result that 
a new type with different predominating traits 
and characteristics began to appear — the Mental 
type — in which the brain and nervous system pre- 
dominated over the Vital and Motive systems. A 
type in which the salient qualities of the Vital and 
Motive temperaments were blended and refined. 
The purely animal instincts and traits, and the 
perceptive organs of the external senses, became 
subservient and obedient to the demands of reason 
and the imaginative faculties. 

As the combined efforts of primitive man and 
woman increased the safety of life, and the comfort 
of existence, they were gradually released from the 
bondage of isolation and seclusion. 

The social instincts began to assert them- 
selves resulting in the formation of tribes and 
clans. 

This in turn resulted in the development of in- 
dividuality, mirthfulnes, approbativeness (ambi- 
tion, display and love of praise), and self esteem. 

The incerasing social intercourse quickened the 
awakened intellectual faculties, and led to the 
establishment of governments. 

The advent of the Mental type in primitive 



Phrenology Made Easy 



49 



social activity marked the beginning of artistic ex- 
pression, and the foundation was laid for the cul- 
tural achievements which express the ideas that 
add beauty to utility. 

Thus were introduced the first crude attempts 
at ornamentation and decoration. 

Here the feminine imitative traits displayed 
themselves, as all primitive art is merely crude at- 
tempt at copying nature's designs. These feminine 
imitative qualities combined with the masculine 
creative traits gave birth to art. 

The social intercourse of early civilized men 
and women, as distinguished from the tribal exist- 
ence, established religions and educational institu- 
tions, and tribunals of law and order which fos- 
tered and encouraged the higher intellectual facul- 
ties and moral sentiments — hope, spirituality, ven- 
eration, benevolence, ideality, sublimity, etc. 

In nature's plan of creation and evolution she 
first evolved the primitive man and woman. 

As children inherit certain characteristics 
from each parent, it naturally followed that the 
distinguishing traits of the primitive men and 
women became blended in the offspring resulting 
in the arrival of new types. 

This natural specialization increased with the 
broadening of the various fields of human en- 
deavor and achievement. 

Under the primordial conditions all men were 



50 



Character Reading 



very much alike, mentally and physically, and in 
the struggle for existence they had common oc- 
cupations; likewise the primitive women re- 
sembled each other closely, both mentally and 
physically, and their secluded existence imposed 
on all of them the same duties. 

Human development has gradually brought 
the race to a state where specialization and variety 
in human character is the rule, and all individuals 
differ radically from one another in the blending 
of the fundamental and salient traits of human 
nature. 

We cannot judge or read character with any 
degree of accuracy by simply classifying indi- 
viduals as belonging to the Vital, Motive, or Men- 
tal temperaments. 

Such a classification is broad and general — 
nearly as broad as the classification of males and 
females — and tells us little more than the fact that 
Desire, Will or Reason rules the nature of the in- 
dividual. 

In order to accurately read character, you 
must consider each physical feature of a person, 
determine its special meaning, and then make a 
complete appraisal from the complex combina- 
tion. 

For it is only in an extreme type of any tem- 
perament (rarely found), that you will find all the 
distinguishing characteristics pronounced. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



51 



But you will find that every individual (man 
or woman) with any one of the temperaments pre- 
dominating, possesses a special combination of 
facial features, different from every other indi- 
vidual of the same, or other temperaments. 



FEATURE LINES 

To read character at sight it is necessary to 
know the significance of the contour lines, and gen- 
eral development of an individual's head and 
facial features. By these signs you can "size them 
up" and know their traits and characteristics. 

I want you to grasp the full significance of the 
word UP as we apply it to human feelings and 
emotions — "Brace up, old man" — "Things are 
looking up" — "Keep a stiff, upper lip" — "Up and 
doing" — "Hitch your wagon to a star." We are 
bouyed up — we are lifted up with ecstacy — we 
speak of lofty ideas and thoughts — we raise stan- 
dards — church spires symbols of faith and hope, 
point upward — flags and beacon lights are placed 
aloft — we ascend to knowledge — we rise to emerg- 
encies — we speak of the heights of achievement, 
the zenith of power, the pinnacle of success. 

Up signifies a direction. 

Metaphorically speaking in human affairs 
that direction leads to joy, happinness, myrth, bliss, 
knowledge, power, achievement, reverence, ven- 
eration, hope, faith, justice and ideality. 



52 



Character Reading 



Now consider the significance of the word 
Down as used in the following: "Jones is all run 
down" — " Smith is down in the mouth over some- 
thing" — "Brown is down and out" — "She pulled 
him down to her level" — "Cast down the sorrow" 
— we point down to hell — the dead are buried 
down in the ground — we "fall" downward — we 
sink to the depth of degradation, ignorance and 
poverty — we refer to the criminal class as belong- 
ing to the underworld. 

The word Down signifies a direction. 

Metaphorically speaking, in human thoughts, 
emotions and conditions that direction leads to 
sorrow, misery, pain, remorse, degradation, ill- 
health, melancholia, poverty, oblivion, extinction. 

In our geography lessons we were taught that 
the horizon line is the line where the earth and 
sky seem to meet. It is also the horizontal line that 
divides "Up" from "Down." 

If you refer to an object as being "up there" 
or "down there," you use the words up or down 
because the object is either above or below a line 
level with your eye. Thus we have a line which 
divides up from down. This line is always level 
with your eye. In our language we have the words 
Forward and Backward which we use metaphoric- 
ally as we do the words Up and Down. 

To take the Forward direction is to advance, 
progress, accomplish. Any movement Forward 



Phrenology Made Easy 



53 



suggests to our mind energy, achievement, en- 
deavor, purpose, aggression, speed, persistency. 

It is the direction of exploration and discovery 
— conquest and victory — activity and construction 
— experiment and invention — enterprise and at- 
tainment. We hasten Forward — we speak of For- 
ward movements in religious, educational, indus- 
trial and social affairs. 

Forward is the logical direction for every 
thing to take that does not move upward — it is the 
direction that leads to the future — it is the road of 
promise — it is the trail which youth blazes. 

The word Backward in terms of metaphor — 
relates to the past — the source — whence we came; 
it is the way we go for history and tradition — in- 
formation and records. 

The Backward road may be strewn with ruins, 
but every ruin is a lesson or example to guide us 
on our way Forward and Upward. We can go 
Backward with as much safety and advantage as 
we can go Forward, providing we do not get off 
the road and go Downward. 

On the Backward road we bury our sorrows 
and mistakes — we leave our sins behind us. The 
past holds nothing that can harm us, and much that 
we can profit by. 

All our recollections and memory images 
come from that direction, and all our inheritances 
and endowments. In observing a person's fea- 



54 



Character Reading 



tures keep well in mind what has been said regard- 
ing the significance of the words Up — Down — 
Forward — Backward. 

Have you ever realized that the impressions 
you get of the nature and character traits of indi- 
viduals, are largely due to your interpretation of 
the general configuration of the head and face, 
and the direction of the lines formed by the fea- 
tures. 

The infinite variety in human physiognomy is 
due to the various configurations which can be 
formed by the feature lines. 

If the general direction of the lines of the 
head and features tend upward they indicate an 
optimistic disposition and intellectual tendencies. 

If the general direction of the lines is down- 
ward they indicate a pessimistic disposition and 
sensual tendencies. 

If there is neither a decided upward nor 
downward tendency in the direction of the feature 
lines of the face, it denotes the medium in tempera- 
mental propensities, intellectual tendencies and 
emotional traits. 

If the feature lines of the face and the contour 
of the head are straight, forming angular features 
they indicate abruptness, decisiveness, square deal- 
ing and straight forwardness (Masculine charac- 
teristics) . Rounded or curved feature lines denote 



Phrenology Made Easy 



55 



suavity, geniality, affability, mobility — the easy 
going disposition (Feminine characteristics). 

If all the feature lines are strikingly upward 
or downward, angular or curved the individual 
will represent an extreme type. 




Feature Lines Feature Lines 

Tending Upward Tending Downward 



In our phraseology, Upward — Downward — 
Forward — Backward — applies as well to develop- 
ment (size) as to contour or direction. In other 
words, we find broad jaws and narrow foreheads — 



56 



Character Reading 



broad foreheads and narrow jaws — long, low heads 
— short, high heads — heads high over the temples, 
and low over the ears — heads low over the temples, 
and high over the ears, etc. 

As we proceed in a study of the separate facial 
features, you will learn the meaning of the direc- 
tion which the feature lines take. 



THE EYES 
The eyes have been called "the windows of 
the Soul," and the sensations we get from seeing 
stimulate our imaginative faculties to a greater 
extent than the sensations we receive from the other 
senses. 

The physical characteristics of the eyes and 
brows will tell you more about the intellectual 
calibre, and emotional traits of the individual, than 
do any of the other facial features. They are the 
highest of the sense organs and the most expressive 
of all human features. 

A great physician has said that a complete 
diagnosis of the physical condition of an individual 
can be made from a careful examination of the 
eyes; and an expert in character reading can meas- 
ure one's moral and intellectual status from the 
formation and expressions of the eyes alone. 

Large, wide, open eyes indicate credulity and 
wonderment — they let in much light and are gen- 
erous to their possessor. Individuals with such 



Phrenology Made Easy 



57 



eyes see much; they get the beauty of things and 
view the world with awe and appreciation and 
they are frank in their expression of their emotions 
and ideas. Generally persons of artistics tendency 
and poetic fancy have this large, wide, open eye. 

There is a wide, open eye that is cold and 
penetrating; it is the eye of a determined, intelli- 
gent and coldly caculating person. 

If the pupil is large, and the eye has a moist 
appearance, the individual will be generous with 
their thoughts, sympathetic and confiding. 

If the pupil of the eye is small it indicates a 
person close and selfish with their thoughts. 

Individuals with small eyes view life nar- 
rowly, and think selfishly. 

Partly closed eyes, that appear to squint at 
objects, denote shrewdness and skepticism. 

The eye that is closed so that the opening is 
but a narrow slit, indicates suspicion — not being 
able to see far (Mentally) the individual with 
such eyes is naturally distrustful of others. This is 
also the mark of a sly nature. 

Persons with a cold, cruel nature have eyes 
that never open wide, such eyes, usually with a 
small iris, are dry and appear to press close to the 
lids. 

There are "Pop eyes" that seem to fairly 
buldge from their sockets, denoting a tendency to 
be merciless — a person with these eyes will un- 



58 



Character Reading 



hesitatingly sacrifice others (if the eye be small) 
where it will further their own ambitious ends. 
In fact the eye that more or less protrudes from the 
socket always denotes a certain degree of ambi- 
tion. 

The eye that is moderately open is that of the 
average individual — neither too discriminating 
nor overly credulous. 

It is from the expressions of the eyes that we 
can read an individual's character most easily. 

The person who cannot return your look 
frankly, or who never looks you in the eye except 
to glance for a second and look away again, can- 
not be trusted. 

The critical person will look at you from the 
corners of his eyes while you are talking; the cynic 
will look at others from the corners of his eyes 
while you are talking. 

Keenness of perception and mental penetra- 
tion accompany deep set eyes of unwavering ex- 
pression. 

The eyes of melancholy persons have a hollow 
appearance, and a pensive expression; they never 
seem to focus their vision on apparent objects, but 
always appear to be looking into space. 

Mirthfulness is indicated by the lines of the 
eyes turning upward at the outer corners. Mirth 
will also cause radiating lines to form at the outer 
corners of the eyes over the cheek. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



59 



Laughing eyes, which are easily recognized, 
denote a happy, emotional nature. 

Eyes that twitch nervously, with lids that 
nutter while the individual talks, denote a timid, 
sensitive, self-conscious person. 

There are light colored, watery, shifty eyes 
that show a weak mentality and childish mind; 
this eye of the feeble mind in peculiar in that it 
appears to be loose, and sunken in the socket — 
and the expression is always dull and vacant. 

The eyes of intelligent, strong minded and 
thoughtful persons may be deep set, but they are 
never wavering in expression. 

As a general rule, persons with dark brown 
or black eyes think more profoundly than persons 
with blue or light colored eyes. 

Mystics and those who delve deeply into the 
mysteries of life have dark, deep set eyes. 

Individuals whose eyes have lids of fine tex- 
ture, with the blue veins showing, and long, silky 
lashes, are tender and sympathetic. 

When the eye lids are thick and of coarse tex- 
ture, with thick, coarse lashes, it denotes gross 
tastes and coarse sensualism. 



60 



Character Reading 



EYEBROWS 

Thick, heavy eyebrows indicate mental verility 
— the individual may not be highly intellectual or 
even educated — but will think vigorously. 

Thin, delicately penciled eyebrows indicate 
an incapacity for strong, vigorous thinking; an in- 
dividual with these eyebrows may be highly edu- 
cated and have an appreciation of the "fine" in an 
intellectual way — but will not think vigorously nor 
profoundly. 

There are intermediates between these two 
extremes and you can judge the individual accord- 
ingly. 

Eyebrows that meet over the nose denote a 
nervous temperament; they also indicate an inten- 
sity in mental pursuits and emotional feelings, with 
a tendency to go to extremes. They are also an 
indication of sensual tendencies. 

Eyebrows that are wide apart show mental 
apathy; an individual with these eyebrows will 
not be intense in thought or emotion — they lack 
strong convictions and are credulous. 

High set eyebrows denote an inquiring, re- 
ceptive mind — not meditative. 

Low set brows denote more discernment and 
perception — inclination to meditate and analyze. 

Straight eyebrows indicate practical think- 
ing, mental stability and a matter of fact view- 
point. 



Phrenology Made Easy 61 



Wavy, uneven eyebrows show nature vascil- 
lating and lacking in decision and mental stability. 

Eyebrows that tend upward and stop abruptly 
without forming an arch, denote a decidedly hope- 
ful, optimistic nature — mentally constructive, 
idealistic, but not practical in material matters. 

Eyebrows that form an abrupt high angle de- 
note intellectuality, veneration and ideality. Per- 
sons with this type of eyebrows are broad minded, 
highly imaginative and mentally creative; they 
view the world from many angles ; they soar to 
the heights and descend to the depths in their 
thoughts. 

The pendulum of their emotions swings from 
ecstactic bliss to black despondency — they make 
abrupt decisions. 

Curved eyebrows, that form a graceful arch 
— -denote a mind that works smoothly and is imag- 
inative, idealistic, hopeful, reverential, optimistic, 
conscientious. Individuals with these eyebrows 
form their opinions gradually and passively; they 
lack the quickness of thought and decisiveness of 
the individual whose brows form a high and 
abrupt angle. 

Drooping eyebrows denote melancholy tend- 
encies — a mind that views the world without hope 
or veneration — mentally lazy and impractical. 
Caricatures of the human face depict grief, sor- 



62 



Character Reading 



row, and despair always show eyebrows slanting 
downward. 

In your observations you will find thin, 
straight brows — thick, arched brows, and other 
combinations of the eyebrows that has been de- 
scribed. The characteristics they denote will vary 
according to the combinations. 

The significance of what has previously been 
said regarding the upward and downward tend- 
ency of feature lines will be obvious in its applica- 
tion to the eyebrows. 



LINES ON THE BROW AND FOREHEAD 

One long, deep vertical line between the eyes 
denotes concentration and singleness of purpose; 
persons with such a line abhor distractions — they 
usually have one definite purpose in life which 
they pursue unfalteringly. 

Two vertical lines between the eyes denote a 
nature of fine resolves, but divided force. Such 
persons do not accomplish their aims, owing to an 
inner conflict of the intellect and emotions. 

Three vertical lines between the eyes, denote 
a good balance of the mental, emotional and spirit- 
ual qualities, but individuals with this marking 
are not liable to ascend to any great height of 
achievement. 

Many small vertical lines between the eyes 
denote numerous interests and various endeavors. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



63 



Such persons have too many "irons in the fire," 
and thus scatter their intellectual forces, they are 
apt to be vascillating. 

Many horizontal lines on the brow denote 
mental effort — they may reflect the mental effort 
of the profound and philosophical mind or merely 
the mental effort of a Mary "troubled about many 
things." 



THE NOSE 

Among animals the sense of smell plays a 
large part in sexual attraction. From a physi- 
ological standpoint, there seems to be an intimate 
connection between the olfactory nerve centers and 
those of the genital organs. Be that as it may, 
it is strikingly significant that a large, prominent 
nose accompanys a nature in which the amourous 
tendencies are pronounced. 

Whether these amorous tendencies be gross 
or refined, will be indicated by the texture and 
modeling of the nasal organ. 

There is a sensitive, dilating nostril which also 
displays strong emotional qualities in regard to 
sexual matters. 

A nose with large, dilating nostrils, of the 
negro type, denotes an individual childishly emo- 
tional — easily influenced by melody, harmony and 
rythm. Such persons usually have rich, mellow 
voices and are musically inclined. 



64 



Character Reading 



If the bridge of a nose with these nostrils, is 
narrow and high, it will indicate a refined musical 
taste; if the bridge is broad and low refined taste 
will be lacking. 

A large nose with rigid nostrils and small 
openings, indicates an amorous nature that is 
selfish and mercenary. 

The well modled, moderately long, narrow 
nose indicates aesthetic taste in art and music, or 
anything which appeals to the senses. 

The "aristrocratic" nose has thin, rigid 
nostrils and a straight prominent ridge; persons 
with this nose are conventional and exacting in 
social affairs and relationships. 

In financial circles, and the business world 
in general, you will find the massive nose of the 
acquiline type (thick and long and arched) com- 
mon among persons with a strong love of money, 
and the ability to acquire property and worldly 
goods. In fact, this type has been called the com- 
mercial nose; there is a definite thickness in this 
nose just above the nostril (the wing) which is 
said to be the true facial mark of money making 
skill. 

The thin, rigid acquiline nose (like the beak 
of an eagle) indicates a cruel nature. 

The opposite type from the acquiline is the 
philosophical nose — usually short with a straight 
ridge and large and blunt at the end. Darwin 



Phrenology Made Easy 



65 



and Tolstoy had this type of nose. It is the indi- 
cation of an individual impractical in money mat- 
ters — decidedly so if the nose is concave. 

A very short, small nose denotes a lack of in- 
terest or talent in art. We often find this short 
nose on individuals with a scientific trend of mind. 
Among scientists short and concave noses will be 
the general rule. 

A very short, blunt nose denotes a pugna- 
cious and obstinate disposition. 

Persons with short noses are more witty than 
those with long noses. The small retrosee nose 
denotes an independent and saucy disposition. 

A straight nose, that slants upward at the tip 
indicates the proud, haughty disposition — a dis- 
regard for the opinions of others. 

The sharp, pointed nose denotes the inquisi- 
tive, "nosey" individual. 

The melancholy nose is long and drooping. 



66 



Character Reading 



it 



16 




2 f 





3 Z1 r^> 



V4 



,4 # 



10 



15 




TYPE OF EARS 



KEY 

1. Determined and aggressive. 16. 

2. Ape-like denoting an ani- 17. 
mal-like nature. 18. 

3. Honest but narrow-minded. 19. 

4. Clever and artistic. 20. 

5. Clever but dishonest. 21. 

6. Refined and intelligent. 22. 

7. Sanguine and energetic. 23. 

8. Imaginative and indecisive. 24. 

9. Highly intellectual. 25. 

10. Impractical and weak. 

11. Proud and conservative. 26. 

12. Strong and self-reliant. 27. 

13. Selfish and long-lived. 2 8. 

14. Social and extravagant. 29. 

15. Pugnacious and selfish. 30. 



(a 



Generous and willful. 
Kind and loyal. 
Clever and quick-witted. 
Dull and narrow-minded. 
Generous and broad-minded. 
Brave and determined. 
Practical and reliable. 
Unreasonable and selfish. 
Melancholy and pessimistic. 
Cautious and narrow-mind- 
ed. 

Cautious and broad-minded. 
Idealistic and impractical. 
Shrewd and cunning. 
Reverential and honest. 
Stubborn and opinoinated. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



67 



THE EARS 

As we move downward in our character de- 
liniation of the facial features, you will notice that 
the physical characteristics tell us more about the 
emotional and animal instincts than they do about 
the intellectual traits. 

Lombrosso, the great criminologist, dwells 
with emphasis on the size, shape and position of 
the ears as an index to the moral and intellectual 
calibre of individuals. 

Large, long, ears, with prominent thick lobe, 
invariably denote a strong physical constitution 
and long life. 

A long, symmetrical, verticaly set ear, with a 
large opening, denotes intelligence — if thick at the 
base, and of coarse texture, the individual will be 
intelligent but impractical. 

A very long, thin ear, with pointed lobe, in- 
dicates shrewdness and cunning. 

A large, thin ear of fine texture, upright and 
broad at the top, denotes veneration and religious 
tendencies. 

A short, thick ear of coarse texture, the upper 
part broad and slanting far out from the head, 
denotes an obstinate and determined nature. 

Ears in which the lobe is not cleft, but is 
fastened to the skin of the upper jaw, denotes de- 
generate tendencies and phsical fraility. 



68 



Character Reading 



Extremely small ears denote stinginess and 
secretiveness regarding personal affairs. 

A long, narrow, thin ear with a small open- 
ing to the drum, is the ear of a scrupulous, honest, 
but narrow minded person. 

The long, thick ear, lying close to the head, 
and slanting backward, denotes a cautious, con- 
servative and provident disposition. 

A thick, firm, well formed ear, denotes energy 
and aggression. 

There is an ape-like ear, pointed at the top 
— heavy at the base — of coarse texture, and hav- 
ing a small opening, which is indicative of low, 
animal instincts. 

Plate . . shows other types of ears and the 
characteristics they denote. 

The formation of the upper part of the ear 
pertains to the mental faculties, while the lower 
part of the ear indicates the animalistic and mate- 
rial tendencies. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



69 



THE MOUTH AND LIPS 
The mouth is the most mobile of the facial 
features, and we constantly and consciously use it 
to express our feelings and emotions. 

The ideal masculine mouth is straight and 
firm with moderately full lips — the upper one 
slightly more prominent — healthy pink in color 
and less mobile than the ideal feminine mouth. 

This mouth indicates firmness, decision, self 
control, and well balanced mental and emotional 
qualities. 

An ideal feminine mouth will have full, red 
lips — the lower one slightly more prominent. The 
line of the mouth when the lips meet will form a 
cupid's bow, and the lips will be mobile and sensi- 
tive. 

This mouth indicates tenderness, symapthy, 
poise and normal affection — the up-turning corn- 
ers add mirth and cheerfulness. 

The mouth with corners turning slightly 
downward shows a serious mind and temperament, 
while the mouth that turns upward at the corners 
indicates a cheerful, optimistic nature. 

The mouth that sags at the corners or drops 
from the center, denotes melancholy, discontented 
and morbid tendencies. 

A small, firm mouth denotes a nature with a 
strong regard for the niceties of life — conventional 
and punctilious. 



70 



Character Reading 



The large mouth is the generous mouth — but 
the generosity indicated, often is largely confined 
to the realm of the senses and appetite. This is 
invariably the case when the large mouth is also 
loose, indicating loose or coarse moral tendencies. 

The firm, thin lipped mouth indicates the un- 
conflding, unemotional person. 

A long, thin upper lip is a sign of frugality 
and acquisitiveness. John D. Rockerfeller has 
this type of lip. It is also the indication of a self 
confident, self satisfied nature, not easily influenced 
by praise or flattery. 

A short upper lip denotes a good natured but 
improvident person ; those who have it, never take 
life seriously, especially in regard to the material 
needs of life. They are, also, susceptible to praise 
and flattery. 

Thick, protuding lips denote sensualism in 
regard to food, and the physical demands of the 
body. 

It is noticeable that in infancy and early child- 
hood, when hunger and the demand for food is 
of first importance, the lips protrude. In old age 
when the needs of the body are subservient to the 
demands of the spirit, the lips recede or draw in- 
ward. 

Persons who have protruding lips all through 
life remain sensual, and retain their strong animal 
appetites. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



71 



THE CHIN 

The chin is a distinctively human physical 
characteristic. Man alone possesses a chin; it un- 
doubtedly developed along with his aggressive and 
fighting qualities, and became through sexual 
selection an established and distinctive character- 
istic of the human species. 

It helps to balance the head on the bony pivot 
on which it rests. 

The chin, like the other features on the lower 
half of the face, is more strongly related to the 
animal propensities than the intellectual faculties. 

The development of the chin is indicative of 
traits which manifest themselves more potently in 
the world of action and endeavor than in the world 
of thought. 

A prominent chin inspires fear and respect 
for its possessor, therefore from the prominence 
and shape of the chin we estimate the relative 
strength or weakness of a person's will and the 
traits that are accessory to it. 

A prominent chin indicates firmness of will. 
A chin that is thrust upward and forward denotes 
determination and aggression ; we naturally find 
a defiicency of these traits in individuals with re- 
ceding chins. 

A chin that is long and pointed belongs to the 
intellectual fighter — denoting initiative, persever- 



72 



Character Reading 



ance, independence of thought. Former President 
Wilson has such a chin. 

The short, broad, chin denotes stubborn de- 
termination as distinguished from perseverance. 





10 



11 



12 



Practical and 
active. 

Sympathetic and 
self-reliant. 
Impulsive but 
lacking initiative. 
Obstinate and 
determined. 



KEY 
Deliberate and 
energetic. 
Aggressive and 
optimistic. 
Impetuous and 
submissive. 
Sanguine and 
dutiful. 



and 



12. 



Conservative 
decisive. 
Tender and 
determined. 
Sensual and self- 
confident. 
Progressive and 
cautious. 



A good, strong, firm chin indicates depend- 
ability in thought and action. When accompanied 
by broad jaws tenacity is an added trait. If this 
development is extreme it shows an indomitable 
spirit and dogged determination. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



73 



Persons with receding chins are impulsive; 
they may be active and energetic, but these traits 
should not be confused with the qualities of ini- 
tiative and stick-to-itiveness which accompany the 
prominent or well defined chin. 

Persons with a receding chin are usually opin- 
ionated — bursting with "big" ideas and plans 
which they execute in words instead of acts. They 
are subject to spurts of endeavor, but they must 
be encouraged, led or pushed to do the things they 
talk about. They readily adopt the ideas and 
methods originated by persons of initiative. They 
do not lead but are swept along by the forward 
movements that touch them. 

They are inclined to be loquacious, quick in 
thought, and enterprising, and are best fitted for 
the occupations where their wits, enthusiasm and 
energetic "talk" can find an outlet. They are ad- 
mirably suited to salesmanship. 

The normal chin forms a well defined right 
angle. 

Between this normal, and the extremes of pro- 
ceeding and receding there are various degrees 
of development, the significance of which you can 
easily estimate by understanding the extremes. 



74 



Character Reading 



ASYMMETRY 

Asymmetry of the face is a characteristic of 
the human species ; that is to say, both sides of the 
face, and cranium are unequal; the two eyes are 
not of the same height and one side of the face is 
more receding than the other. 

Accurate examination and measurement tell 
us that asymmetry is the rule rather than symmetry. 

While symmetry is rarely if ever found, the 
deviation is slight in the features of the average 
person. We cannot easily detect the slight irregu- 
lartiy of the features in ourselves or others ; it may 
be our mouth, or eyes, or nose, that is not in true 
balance — but where extreme asymmetry is present 
you will notice it at once. 

This plainly evident departure from sym- 
metry in an individual's features is one of the few 
physical signs by which we are enabled to detect 
genius, exceptional cleverness, or degeneracy. It 
is a sure indication that the individual will go to 
extremes in obeying the impulse of their strongest 
characteristics or propensities. 

Whether this extreme asymmetry denotes a 
nature abnormal in the pursuit of good or evil, de- 
pends upon the moral and intellectual calibre of 
the individual. 

If you observe immediately that one eye of 
an individual is set decidedly higher than the other, 
or that one ear is decidedly larger, or if the line of 



Phrenology Made Easy 



75 



the mouth is not straight cut, you have an extrem- 
ist. 

The great tenderness of Lincoln, his broad, 
human sympathy, which knew no discrimination 
of race or color; his sublime compassion and noble 
sentimentality, are incised in his features — espe- 
cially in his asymmetrical mouth. 

Theodore Roosevelt's pre-eminent sense of 
justice, and his unfailing purpose to gain a "square 
deal" for all, are strikingly shown in his facial fea- 
tures. His eyes are asymmetrical — the right being 
set decidedly lower than the left. Max Nordau, 
Lombroso, Doctor Leibreich and other authorities 
on the significance of asymmetry in the human 
face, have found that all great criminals show an 
abnormal asymmetry. 

MENTAL VERILITY 

Generally speaking, the emotional side of an 
individual's nature is strongest during childhood 
and adolescence. 

As previously shown the traits and character- 
istics that predominate during these plastic and im- 
pressionable periods belong in the feminine cate- 
gory. 

There are many vocations in which success 
depends on the talents that are born of these emo- 
tional (feminine) traits. 

The emotional faculties are highly developed 



76 



Character Reading 



in individuals who show exceptional musical tal- 
ent. Among the worlds great music composers, 
Liest, Weber, Mendelssohn, Meyerbeer, Mozart 
and Handel had composed a masterpiece by the 
age of twelve years. 

Among workers in the artistic field (painters, 
sculptures, etc.), exceptional talent is also mani- 
fested at an early age. Many of the worlds great- 
est artistic achievements were executed by artists 
under twenty years of age. 

The emotional and feminine characteristics 
so essential in the field of dramatic art, are dis- 
played almost from childhood. Forest, Irving, 
Jefferson, Booth, Keene, Barrett and Kemble were 
distinguishing themselves before the age of twenty- 
one. 

Many of the qualities which are a necessary 
asset for the success of a doctor or surgeon, belong 
distinctly to the feminine category; and the medi- 
cal profession has scores of member who reached 
distinction before the age of thirty. 

In these and other similar fields the emotional 
(feminine) characteristics of human nature find 
greatest expression; and they have a social value 
in. the development of the race equal to the intel- 
lectual value of the mental or masculine character- 
istics. 

Historians, satirists, poets, naturalists, etc., 
reach the public with thoughts that spring from 



Phrenology Made Easy 



77 



the imaginative and higher intellectual faculties. 

Man holds the supreme place in nature by 
virtue of the superior development of the brain 
and nervous system. 

A perfect physical speciman of the Genus 
Homo can easily survive while possessing a small 
brain and undeveloped intellect. From a purely 
physiological standpoint the savage or primitive 
man is superior to the average civilized man. 

Man has developed upward to meet his spiri- 
tual longing, and a high head and the organs of 
the brain that accupy the upper region of the cran- 
ium, are those that it has taken the longest to 
evolve. 

As it was with the race, so it is with the indi- 
vidual — it takes longer for the higher intellectual 
faculties to reach the zenith of power than it does 
for the emotional and intuitive faculties. 

And it is significant that the age of mental 
verility comes later in life, and is of longer dura- 
tion, among intellectual workers. Novelists, satir- 
ists, historians, poets, naturalists, statesmen, philo- 
sophers and scientists often do their most notable 
and enduring work during the middle life period. 

With the individual or the race, the emotional 
faculties and propensities belong to childhood and 
youth, while the higher intellectual and reasoning 
faculties come into ascendency at the beginning 
of the middle life period, and sometimes prevail 
through old age. 



78 



Character Reading 



HEAD SHAPE 



The phrenological chart (Fig. . .) shows the 
general location of the various organs of the brain. 
By referring to this chart as we proceed in the 
deliniation of character as indicated by Head 
Shape, you will understand why certain traits and 
characteristics accompany the different head 
shapes. 



(By Head Shape we mean the formation of 
the cranium or that portion of the skull which 
houses the brain) . 

The high head shows an upward development 
of the mental faculties. This means that the organs 
of the moral and spiritual sentiments are developed 
in equal, or superior proportion, to the animal 
propensities and other intellectual faculties. 

If the high head be narrow it shows that firm- 
ness, veneration, benevolence, hope, spirituality, 
etc., (see chart) predominates over-combativeness, 
destructiveness, acquisitiveness, ect. 

The superior or equal development of these 




Female Skull 



Male Skull 



Phrenology Made Easy 



79 



latter organs, lying as they do at the sides of the 
head, give it breadth. 

The high, narrow head is the head of the in- 
tellectual peace lover — the broad, high head is 
the head of the intellectual fighter. Individuals 
with high, narrow heads are idealists, but not so 
efficient, constructive nor practical as the high, 
broad-headed individual. The former will ac- 
complish by tact and diplomacy while the latter 
employs combativeness and destructiveness as 
means of achievement. 

The big men in financial and industrial fields 
have the high, broad head. 

As hope, conscientiousness, suavity, and spiri- 
tuality belong to the upper region — the high 
headed individual is optimistic and has more faith 
and confidence in human nature than the broad 
headed, combative individual. 

Note in the chart^-the organ of destructive- 
ness lies just above the ear — the organ of com- 
bativeness next to it, back of the ear. A large 
development of these organs give breadth to the 
head ; this development with a low head indicates 
that the individual is governed by senses — the 
animal instincts predominate, and such persons 
value all things as they appeal to the external 
senses. 

Individuals with a low, broad head are "earth 



80 



Character Reading 




No. 2 
Long Head 



No. 5 
Low Head 



No. 3 
Short Head 
Short from the Ears Forward 



No. 6 

Long from the Ears Back 



Phrenology Made Easy 




No. 7 

Long from the Ears Forward 
Short from the Ears Back 




No. 8 
High Over the Ears 
Low Over the Temples 




. .o. 9 

High Over the Temples 
Low Over the Ears 




No. 10 

Receding Forehead 




No. 11 
Proceeding Forehead 



82 Character Reading 

bound the imaginative and reasoning faculties 
play little part in their viewpoint and conduct. 

The organ of acquisitiveness adds breadth to 
the head, as it lies just above the organ of destruc- 
tiveness. (See chart.) Therefore, the individual 
with the low, broad head, while lacking in the 




Plate 3 — Phrenological Chart, showing the loca- 
tion of the various Organs of the Brain. 



higher intellectual qaulities, has the ability to 
forge ahead and overcome obstacles, and a strong 
propensity to acquire material things — such per- 
sons like to make money. 

As it is the organs of combativeness, destruc- 
tiveness and acquisitiveness which gives breadth 
to the head over the ears, you can readily under- 



Phrenology Made Easy 



83 



stand why the low, narrow-headed individual will 
be lacking in these qualities. Such people care 
little or nothing for money; they need to be led 
and guided in intellectual and spiritual matters, 
and pushed and spurred to material accomplish- 
ment. 

A long head is one that is long from the ears 
to the forehead and from the ears to the back of 
the head. ( Fig. . . . ) 

The chart (Fig. . . ) shows the organs of the 
brain which lie in the front and back of the head. 

If the head is long from the ears to the fore- 
head it shows that the intellectual faculties of the 
five senses, and the perceptive and reflective 
groups of organs are well developed. These 
organs include form, size, weight, color, order, cal- 
culation, locality, eventuality, time, tune, language, 
causality and comparison. 

You will readily understand how a develop- 
ment of the qualities is necessary in all the arts 
and sciences and also the practical fields of en- 
deavor. 

Individuals with this head development are 
keenly intellectual on the material plane— observ- 
ing and constructive, with a retentive memory. 

If a prominent or bulging brow accompanies 
a long frontal development they will have strong 
individuality, and be keenly ^observing. This 
formation of the head and brow is a common char- 



84 



Character Reading 



acteristic among artists, architects, naturalists, or 
all those keenly observant of natural phenomena. 
They reflect upon what they see — are more inter- 
ested in things than persons, and are scientific, in- 
ventive and constructive. 

If the upper forehead is prominent or bulgy 
it denotes an understanding of human nature, the 
ability to make comparisons and connect cause with 
effect. 

You often see individuals with the brow 
prominent over the eyes but the upper forehead 




Broad Head Narrow Head 



flat and receding; here you have stdong individual- 
ity and good observation. Such an individual might 
make a good artist, but would be a poor scientist 
— reverse the development and the deduction is 
obvious. 

If the head is high with this long frontal de- 
velopment it will add^veneratiori and the spiritual 
attributes ; this joins idealism to science-^rever- 
ence to art — altruism to inventive ability — irriag- 



Phrenology Made Easy 



85 



ination to constructiveness — conscientiousness to 
all manual endeavor, with the result that we have 
many individuals who use their talents and ability 
more to benefit humanity than for mere selfish 
aggrandizement. 

A head that is short from the ears to the fore- 
head shows a deficiency in the qualities which 
characterize the head long from the ears to the 
forehead. 



PROCEEDING AND RECEDING 
FOREHEADS 

The proceeding forehead is full and promi- 
nent at the top and slightly receding over the brow. 

The indiviuals with a proceeding forehead 
are slow to think, meditative and more interested 
in theories than the immediate objects of their ob- 
servation. They are good natured, gentle man- 
nered, and patient in their work; they are slow to 
speak and deliberate in action. 

These individuals are inclined to be imprac- 
tical in material affairs but logical in their reason- 
ing. 

The proceeding forehead is a characteristic 
of the philosophic mind. A distinguishing trait 
of individuals with this forehead is their pains- 
taking, careful deliberation in everything they 
undertake, and their steadfastness until they attain 
achievement. 



86 



Character Reading 



They have strong imaginations and are often 
quite original in their theories and deductions. 

All forward movements in the realm of the 
intellect are due to individuals with the proceed- 
ing forehead — they furnish the ideas and theories 
that supply material for the constructive fields of 
action — they supply the objective for the world's 
workers. 

By meditation and reflection they get at the 
heart of things, and unravel the hidden mysteries 
and principals of nature which enable the world 
to move forward . 

According to our classification, the rounded, 
proceeding forehead is typically feminine. 



RECEDING FOREHEADS 

The receding forehead slopes backward from 
the eyebrows. Individuals with the receding 
forehead are quick in thought, impulsive and im- 
patient; they are keen observers but not analytical ; 
they are interested in facts rather than theories; 
they like to see things demonstrated, and think in 
terms of material achievement. 

They are active and keep things moving; with 
them results are of first importance; they are bored 
with the lengthy explanations of the "why" of 
things, and do not think thoroughly or profoundly. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



87 



Such persons are the kind who habitually skip 
the pages of a book when reading. 

Being impulsive they are not patient or pains- 
taking, but work energetically in short spurts ; they 
are not apt to be as orderly and systematic as people 
with the proceeding forehead — but they do keep 
things moving and get things done. 

The individuals of this type keep the wheels 
of industry and commerce revolving — they apply 
the ideas and theories of the individuals with pro- 
ceeding foreheads, to the practical needs of hu- 
manity, and carry the world forward on the plane 
of material accomplishment. 

Wehave described the characteristics of the 
extreme type of proceeding and receding fore- 
heads — between these two extremes you will find 
the happy medium — the well balanced forehead 
of the individual who is practical and well bal- 
anced in both thought and action. 



THE HEAD WHICH IS LONG FROM THE 
EARS BACKWARD 

Directly back of the ears at the sides of the 
head lie the organs of vitativeness, combativeness, 
friendship and conjugal. (See chart Fig. . ..) 

At the back of the head are the organs of 
amativeness, philoprogenitiveness, inhabitiveness 



88 



Character Reading 



— the latter adds length to the back head, while the 
former tend to give it breadth. 

These are the organs which have to do with 
social and family intercourse. With a full devel- 
opment of this portion of the head we find the indi- 
vidual a lover of family life, animals, pets, flowers, 
and amply endowed with domestic and conjugal 
propensities. 

Whether the individual will be refined and 
humane, or gross and depraved in the manifesta- 
tion of the qualities these faculties stand for, will 
depend on the relative strength of the other facul- 
ties. 

A full, well developed back head is more 
typically the female head. Woman's natural 
tenderness and symapthy, devotion to the children 
and regard for the home, explains the superior de- 
velopment of the organs of the brain located at 
the back of the head. 

A long back head shows strong social inclina- 
tions and the play instincts. Persons with this de- 
velopment love to mingle with people, and they 
are loyal friends and affectionate mates. 

A high head in addition to a full development 
of the back head leads to humanitarian activities, 
social work and philanthropy. 

The organ of continuity lies at the center and 
top of the back head, when this organ is well de- 
veloped with the long back head, it will denote an 



Phrenology Made Easy 



89 



individual of scientific tendencies (long front 
head), one interested in sociology, eugenics, and 
all scientific matters pertaining to the development 
of the human being. 

If the literary or artistic tendencies prevail, 
with the long back head, the works of such indi- 
viduals will delineate and depict character and 
human emotions. 

If the back head is broad, as well as long, the 
individual will fight for home and country, and 
combat any influence which threatens domestic or 
fraternal relations. 



SHORT HEAD 

The head which is short from the ears back 
indicates a paucity of humanitarian qualities — 
such individuals will be lacking in sympathy for 
their fellow men, with a deficiency of the emo- 
tional characteristics of human nature. 

If the head is broad, with a short back head it 
indicates that the fighting qualities (combativeness, 
destructiveness, etc.), predominate and the indi- 
vidual is apt to be callous and brutal in sentiment, 
with a disregard for the feelings of others. 

A well developed top head, with the short 
back head, will endow the individual with venera- 
tion, benevolence, self esteem, conscientiousness, 
etc., (see chart), but the propensities which a de- 



90 



Character Reading 



velopment of these faculties indicates, will apply 
to humanity in the mass rather than to individuals 
— such a person may be a philanthropist but will 
not have strong conjugal or fraternal instinct. He 
may have benevolent ideas but will be cold- 
blooded in dealing with individuals. 

The low top head and short back head in- 
dicate the individual lacking in both the spiritual 
qualities and humane instincts — the human ani- 
mal. 

We are joined to the backward development 
by the unbroken chain of the evolutionary pro- 
cess. As the human animal has gone upward and 
forward friendship and sexual attraction have 
kept love alive and bound us to the past. 

The preservation and perpetuation of these 
propensities (see chart), engenders pride of an- 
cestry — reverence for the dead — sympathy for the 
aged — love of home and mother — respect for tra- 
dition, and a sentimental interest in our origin. 

The Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge 
grow side by side; our animal instincts and emo- 
tional qualities are indissolubly linked to our in- 
tellectual and spiritual faculties. 

As the development of the organs of the back- 
head pertain to the fostering and continuance of 
family ties, friendship and social amity, they are 
the leaven of human nature which make us senti- 
mental and conservative, 



Phrenology Made Easy 



91 



THE DOWNWARD DEVELOPMENT 

If the lower organs of the brain, the lower 
faculties of the mind, the lower features of the 
face, are all more prominently developed than the 
upper, the invidual will be gross, animalistic, sen- 
sual, coarse and brutal. This is the downward 
development. 



MANNERISMS 

"Every little movement has a meaning all 
its own. Every thought and fancy by some posture 
may be shown." 



WALKING 

There are mental characteristics that can be 
determined by the way persons carry themselves, 
and by the movement of their arms and legs in 
walking. 

The person who walks fast with head up and 
a swinging motion of the body, the arms freely 
moving in rythm, and the hands slightly closed is 
energetic, well balanced, practical and determined. 

Those who take short, quick steps, with a 
jerky movement, are energetic and quick in 
thought, but impatient and nervous. 

The slow step and long stride, with little mo- 



92 



Character Reading- 



tion of the body, denotes the thoughtful, medita- 
tive, careful nature. 

Poeple who walk with a peculiar motion of 
the legs — a sort of "hitch in the knee" walk — as 
though the leg hesitated before putting the foot 
down, are of a very cautious nature; this move- 
ment of the legs is not common, and is very dif- 
ferent from the slovenly walk, the loose jointed 
kind that walks from the knees down, which in- 
dicates a dull, unimaginative mind, and a lazy, 
careless disposition. 

The person who walks slow with a heavy 
stride, without lifting the feet high and a general 
air of being weighted to the ground, is stubborn 
and intellectually dull. 

The shambling, uneven gate shows a lack of 
decision. 

Persons who walk in a slow, languid manner, 
dragging the feet, lack reverence and respect for 
others. 

People with highly arched insteps, who have 
an elsatic step and carry themselves gracefully, are 
proud, clever and independent. 

Persons who are inclined to have stiff knee 
joints and stumble easily are obstinate. 

"High steppers" are self confident but im- 
practical. 

People who walk pigeon-toed are timid and 
gullible. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



93 



The flat foot invariably accompanies the in- 
ferior mind — the highly arched instep is the mark 
of a refined intellect. 

Persons who approach you walking on the 
toes, with a sly, quiet movement, are deceitful and 
untrustworthy; they are not frank — but seek to 
gain their ends by "foxy" methods. 

On the other hand, a person who approaches 
you in a straightforward manner, putting the heei 
down first, is not trying to deceive you. 



LAUGHTER 

Man is the only animal who laughs. 

Good natured, happy, whole-souled people 
always laugh from the stomach; not in a loud or 
boisterous way, but as if they were really amused. 

Persons who "laugh until they cry" are kind, 
sympathetic, lovable and sincere. 

Calm, self-possessed persons do not laugh 
much. 

Persons who giggle are self conscious and 
frivolous. 

The laugh that seems to come from the lungs, 
in a sort of gasp, shows a serious minded person. 

The person who laughs, and seldom smiles, 
is coarse and uncouth in nature. 

It is an indication of conceit and deceit in a 



94 Character Reading 

person, when they do not show their teeth when 
they laugh or smile. 

A person who merely smiles and seldom 
laughs is cynical and critical. 

The high-pitched, hysterical laugh denotes 
a nervous temperament; it is also a sign of selfish- 
ness. 

Persons who laugh constantly are mentally 
shallow, and unstable. 



HANDS 
POSTURES AND GESTURES 

The hand being the servant of the mind, it 
directly reflects the mental attitude of an indi- 
vidual by its pose and gestures. 

The hand which hangs limp, the fingers wide 
apart, denotes a person who is gullible and un- 
stable — who tells all he knows and hears — whose 
mind is like a sieve; everything runs out as fast 
as it runs in. 

Persons who carry their hands with the 
fingers close together are secretive. 

The fist held close, denotes a determined, de- 
cisive nature. The clenched fist, with slightly 
bowed elbow shows a nature pugnacious and al- 
ways on the defensive. 



Phrenology Made Easy 



95 



Hands and fingers dangling and limp, are 
the sign of the physically and mentally lazy person. 

Hands with the fingers gently closed — the 
pose and carriage neither rigid nor limp — denote 
a trustworthy person — one who does not readily 
tell what he knows — is not overly confidential. 

Hands that look alive — are springy and elas- 
tic — are those of a person vigorous and energetic 
in mind and body. 

Persons who have the habit of rubbing the 
hands together while talking are hypocritical, un- 
truthful, and adroit in their methods. 

The person who carries his hands behind him 
is cautious and reticent. 

The habit of trying to conceal the hands is 
characteristic of people who lack self confidence, 
and are really ashamed of themselves. 

Persons who are observing, analytical and 
demonstrative use their hands freely in conversa- 
tion — they "talk" with them — but not with the 
sweeping gestures of the bombastic, opinionated 
individual. 

Nimble and active hands denote nimble and 
active minds. 

Self consciousness is indicated by the habit of 
constantly fussing with the clothing, feeling the 
body, brushing back the hair and resting the hands 
on the hips ; in men this also denotes effeminacy. 

Persons who habitually rest the chin on the 



96 



Character Reading 



knuckles, in the pose of Rodin's "Thinker," are 
reflective and meditative. Those who rest the head 
against the hand with the index finger on the 
temple are thoughtful and imaginative; the latter 
is the characteristic pose of the intellectually, self 
confident person. 



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Catalague on the following pages. 

THE END 



A. F. SEWARD & CO. 
Publishers 
CHICAGO, ILL. 



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